Definition
of fashion
Fashion refers to the styles, trends, and customs in
clothing, accessories, footwear, makeup, hairstyles, and body posture that are
popular at a particular time and place. It is a form of self-expression and
autonomy that involves the creation and adoption of new trends.
Fashion
is influenced by cultural, social, economic, and environmental factors, and it
evolves over time as society's tastes and values change.
History of Fashion
Ancient Times
Ancient Egypt
(c. 3150–30 BC): Clothing was simple and
made from linen, suitable for the hot climate. Both men and women wore tunics
and robes, with jewelry indicating social status.
Ancient Greece (c. 800–300 BC): The chiton and himation were common garments,
emphasizing drapery and simplicity. Clothing was made from wool or linen.
Ancient Rome (c. 753 BC–476
AD): Romans adopted Greek styles,
with the toga being a distinctive garment worn by citizens. Clothing indicated
social status, occupation, and family ties.
Middle Ages (5th to 15th
Century) (AD 401- AD 1500)
Clothing was functional, with distinctions between the
attire of the wealthy and the poor becoming more pronounced.
Early Middle
Ages: Simple tunics and trousers
were common. The use of wool and linen was widespread.
Late Middle Ages: Clothing became more elaborate with the introduction of
buttons, fitted garments, and rich fabrics like silk and velvet. Sumptuary laws
regulated what individuals could wear based on their social status.
Renaissance (14th to 17th
Century) (AD 1301-AD 1700)
Marked by opulence and the
revival of classical antiquity. Clothing became an art form, with intricate
embroidery, lace, and rich fabrics.
Fashion spread across Europe due to increased travel and
communication. Italian and French courts were particularly influential.
18th Century (AD
1701-1800)
Early 18th Century:
Baroque and Rococo styles emphasized extravagance and ornamentation. Men wore
powdered wigs, knee-breeches, and waistcoats, while women donned elaborate
gowns with corsets and panniers.
Late 18th Century: The French Revolution brought a shift towards simpler,
more practical clothing. The rise of the bourgeoisie influenced fashion,
leading to the popularity of the chemise dress for women and the frock coat for
men.
19th Century (AD
1801-1900)
The Industrial Revolution democratized fashion with mass production and new textile technologies.
Early 19th
Century: The Regency era saw a return
to classical simplicity with high-waisted dresses for women and tailcoats for
men.
Mid to Late 19th Century: Victorian fashion was characterized by strict social
codes and elaborate garments. Women's fashion included crinolines and bustles,
while men wore frock coats and top hats.
20th Century (AD
1901-2000)
Fashion became a global
phenomenon, influenced by mass media, cinema, and the emergence of fashion
designers.
1900s-1910s:
Edwardian fashion was marked by the S-bend corset and ornate detailing.
1920s: The Jazz Age introduced flapper dresses, shorter
hemlines, and looser silhouettes.
1930s-1940s: The Great Depression and World War II led to practical,
modest styles. Utility clothing became prevalent.
1950s: Post-war prosperity brought a return to femininity with
full skirts and fitted bodices. Men's fashion included slim suits and the Ivy
League look.
1960s: Youth culture revolutionized fashion with bold colors, miniskirts,
and unisex styles. Designers like Mary Quant and Yves Saint Laurent gained
prominence.
1970s: Diverse trends such as disco, bohemian, and punk
reflected social changes. Bell-bottoms, platform shoes, and bold patterns were
popular.
1980s: Extravagance and power dressing defined the era.
Shoulder pads, designer labels, and fitness wear were significant trends.
1990s: Minimalism and grunge influenced fashion. Casual styles, such as jeans and flannel shirts, became mainstream.
21st Century (AD 2001-present
day)
Fashion is marked by rapid
changes, globalization, and digital influence.
2000s: The rise of fast fashion made trends more accessible.
Celebrity culture and reality TV influenced styles.
2010s: Sustainable fashion and ethical production became
significant issues. Technology and social media transformed fashion marketing
and consumption.
2020s: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced a shift towards comfort
and practicality. Virtual fashion shows and digital clothing emerged.
Sustainability and inclusivity continue to shape industry trends.
